Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a productive short-lived perennial legume with strong biomass production and nitrogen-fixing capacity. Its vigorous taproot and branching root system improve soil structure and contribute substantial organic matter below ground. It is particularly valuable in longer cover-crop periods, undersowing systems and rotations where nitrogen supply for the following crop is important. Red clover performs best on reasonably fertile, well-drained soils and generally produces more above-ground biomass than white clover.
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Red clover combines substantial above-ground biomass with considerably deeper rooting than white clover. This makes it particularly valuable in rotations where a cover can remain for several months or longer and where biological nitrogen input is a major objective.
The taproot contributes to soil porosity while fine lateral roots increase rhizosphere activity and aggregate formation. Red clover is frequently undersown into cereals, allowing the cover crop to become established before harvest and develop rapidly once the cereal canopy is removed.
Adequate phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and appropriate rhizobial activity are important for effective nitrogen fixation. Avoid excessively deep sowing, particularly in heavy soils.
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